Nonhuman Value: A Survey of the Intrinsic Valuation of Natural and Artificial Nonhuman Entities

Post Date September 21, 2022
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Category articles, artificial intelligence, ethics, publications

View the paper “Nonhuman Value: A Survey of the Intrinsic Valuation of Natural and Artificial Nonhuman Entities”

The concept of global catastrophic
risk is customarily defined in human terms. Details vary, but a global
catastrophe is almost always regarded as something bad that happens to
humans. However, in moral philosophy, it is often considered that things
that happen to nonhumans can also be bad—and likewise for good things. In some
circumstances, whether and how nonhumans are valued may be the difference
between extremely good or catastrophically bad outcomes for nonhumans. This
raises the …

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Greening the Universe: The Case for Ecocentric Space Expansion

Post Date February 17, 2022
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Category articles, ethics

View the paper “Greening the Universe: The Case for Ecocentric Space Expansion”

One reason for focusing on global catastrophic risk is because if a global catastrophe occurs, it could prevent human civilization from accomplishing great things in the future. Arguably, some of the greatest things it could accomplish involve expansion into outer space. This paper presents an ecocentric vision for future space expansion, in which human civilization spreads flourishing ecosystems across the cosmos. The paper is part of a broader collection of visions for space exploration …

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From AI for People to AI for the World and the Universe

Post Date December 01, 2021
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Category articles, artificial intelligence, blogs and newsfeeds, environmental change, ethics, publications, Uncategorized

View the paper “From AI for People to AI for the World and the Universe”

Work on the ethics of artificial intelligence often focuses on the value of AI to human populations. This is seen, for example, in initiatives on AI for People. These initiatives do well to identify some important AI ethics issues, but they fall short by neglecting the ethical importance of nonhumans. This short paper calls for AI ethics to better account for nonhumans, such as by giving initiatives names like “AI for …

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Artificial Interdisciplinarity: Artificial Intelligence for Research on Complex Societal Problems

Post Date July 28, 2020
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View the paper “Artificial Interdisciplinarity: Artificial Intelligence for Research on Complex Societal Problems”

One major challenge in making progress on global catastrophic risk is its interdisciplinarity. Understanding how best to address the risk requires input from risk analysis, public policy, social science, ethics, and a variety of other fields pertaining to specific risks, such as astronomy for asteroid risk and computer science for artificial intelligence (AI) risk. Working across all these disparate fields is a very difficult challenge for human minds. This paper explores the use …

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Deep Learning and the Sociology of Human-Level Artificial Intelligence

Post Date June 18, 2020
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Category articles, artificial intelligence

View the paper “Deep Learning and the Sociology of Human-Level Artificial Intelligence”

The study of artificial intelligence has a long history of contributions from critical outside perspectives, such as work by philosopher Hubert Dreyfus. Following in this tradition is a new book by sociologist Harry Collins, Artifictional Intelligence: Against Humanity’s Surrender to Computers. I was invited to review the book for the journal Metascience.

The main focus of the book is on nuances of human sociology,
especially language, and their implications for AI. This is a worthy
contribution, all …

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Medium-Term Artificial Intelligence and Society

Post Date June 03, 2020
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Category articles, artificial intelligence

View the paper “Medium-Term Artificial Intelligence and Society”

Discussion of artificial intelligence tends to focus on either near-term or long-term AI. That includes some contentious debate between “presentists” who favor attention to the near-term and “futurists” who favor attention to the long-term. Largely absent from the conversation is any attention to the medium-term. This paper provides dedicated discussion of medium-term AI and its accompanying societal issues. It focuses on how medium-term AI can be defined and how it relates to the presentist-futurist debate. It builds on …

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The Defense Production Act and the Failure to Prepare for Catastrophic Incidents

Post Date April 16, 2020
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GCRI Special Advisor for Government Affairs Jared Brown has a new essay in War on the Rocks about the Defense Production Act and the US’ systemic failure to prepare for catastrophes like the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Brown writes in his essay that “the executive branch’s ad-hoc application of the Defense Production Act’s authorities to this pandemic is Exhibit A of how our government, across multiple Republican and Democratic administrations and throughout the national security enterprise, has failed to develop or adapt the Act’s tools for …

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Lessons for Artificial Intelligence from Other Global Risks

Post Date November 21, 2019
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Category announcement, articles, artificial intelligence

View the paper “Lessons for Artificial Intelligence from Other Global Risks”

It has become clear in recent years that AI poses important global risks. The study of AI risk is relatively new, but it can potentially learn a lot from the study of similar, better-studied risks. GCRI’s new paper applies to the study of AI risk lessons from four other risks: biotechnology, nuclear weapons, global warming, and asteroids. The paper is co-authored by GCRI’s Seth Baum, Robert de Neufville, and Tony Barrett, along with GCRI Senior …

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Review of End Times in Science

Post Date September 23, 2019
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Read Seth Baum’s review of End Times.

GCRI Executive Director Seth Baum recently reviewed Bryan Walsh’s new book End Times: A Brief Guide to the End of the World for Science. Dr. Baum calls End Times is “a highly readable account of the field of global catastrophic risk as it is currently constituted”. The book specifically covers Earth-asteroid collision, volcano eruption, nuclear war, global warming, disease outbreaks, biotechnology, and various threats from artificial and extraterrestrial intelligence. Dr. Baum writes that the book raises two key questions …

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The Challenge of Analyzing Global Catastrophic Risks

Post Date July 29, 2019
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Category announcement, articles, risk analysis

View the paper “The Challenge of Analyzing Global Catastrophic Risks”

The quantification of global catastrophic risks in terms of their probabilities and severities is difficult, but it is important for many decisions. Likewise, the fields of risk and decision analysis have much to offer the study of global catastrophic risk. This short paper summarizes the challenge of quantitatively analyzing global catastrophic risks. I was invited by the Decision Analysis Society to write this for their publication Decision Analysis Today.

As the paper explains, the quantification of global …

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